Decline of Arab Political Hegemony in the Sindh region

Abstract

This paper presents an overview of the historical analysis of the decline of Arab
political influence in the Sindh region of the Indian Sub-continent. The Arab Muslim
rulers first expanded their political influence in the region during the Umayyad in the
year 708-709 AD. The Muslims firmly established their political influence after the
conquest of the region by Muhammad bin Qasim. Muslim rule continued during the
Abbasid dynasty where governors were appointed from the capital. The Arab Muslim
rulers were able to continue their political influence over the region for almost three
centuries and had long long-lasting impact on society, politics, religion, and the
civilization. Several factors contributed to the decay of the political influence of Arab
Muslims in the region such as the internal division in ruling elite, factionalism, power
struggle, and conflicts at different levels. The regional geo-political realities contributed
to the decline of Arab Muslim rule in the region where various other regional Muslim
groups emerged such as Ghaznavid which changed the political dynamics of the region.
The historical method is used to analyze the impact of these historical developments
and causes of the decline of Arab Muslim political influence in the region.