The Procedure of Creation of New Provinces in Cooperative Federalism: A Comparative Study of India and Pakistan

Abstract

Both Pakistan and India are heterogeneous states in terms of religion, ethnicity, races, and languages. Federalism is believed to be the best solution for heterogeneous states with large populations. Federalism has remained the essential characteristic in the constitutions of both countries since 1947. Different component units form a federation, and the strength of component units varies from country to country. India increased the number of its component units, but Pakistan could not do so due to different factors. This study examines the formation of new component units in Pakistan and India. The comparative method is applied in this study. The researchers apply different theories to explain political phenomena, and this study utilizes the constructivist research paradigm. This study concludes that the unsettled grievances of a particular area for an extended period pave the way toward separatist tendencies. In Pakistan, the unequal distribution of infrastructure, health, education, and industry in different areas incites people. There are some supporters and opponents of creating new provinces in Pakistan. The politicians exploit the demand for the creation of new provinces in Pakistan for their political point scoring.