The Historical and Political Transformation of Türkiye: An Appraisal

Abstract

This paper examines the historical and political evolution of Türkiye from the late 1940s to the early 21st century, with a focus on the rise and impact of the Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (AKP - Justice and Development Party). It traces the dynamics of Turkish politics, the interplay between secularism and Islamism and the socioeconomic reforms introduced by successive governments. The paper explores significant events such as military coups, economic crises and political reforms, highlighting the challenges and transformations that shaped contemporary Türkiye. The AKP came into power in 2001, evolving from various Islamic political parties that had existed since the 1960s. The first of these was the Democratic Party, which was conservative in nature. The AKP shares a similar agenda, aiming to revive Islamic beliefs and traditions. Its primary policy focus has been on fostering cordial relations with both Muslim-majority states and the West. The findings indicate that the AKP's reformist policies, economic success and strategic positioning in regional and global politics have had a profound impact on Türkiye's political landscape.