Democratic Consolidation in Pakistan: Comparative Study of PTI and PMLN Era (2013-2022)

Abstract

The article examines the significance of democratic consolidation, outlining its historical challenges and political context. It outlines the research objectives and questions, emphasizing the need to understand the contributions and challenges faced by political parties. The study employs a qualitative research design, relying mostly on secondary data such as books, articles, research papers and reports. Data analysis involves thematic analysis to identify key themes related to democratic consolidation, along with comparative analysis to measure the progress in democratic norms during the PML-N and PTI eras. The research is guided by Democratic Consolidation Theory, which suggests that democratic systems develop and stabilize over time through effective governance, adherence to the rule of law and a democratic political culture. This theoretical framework allows an in-depth assessment of democratic institutions in Pakistan, including the independence of the judiciary and the functioning of the election commission. This study provides a critical examination of Pakistan's democratic evolution during a fundamental decade marked by the governance of PML-N and PTI.